N-acetyltaurine

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  • Name: N-acetyltaurine
  • Description: N-acetyltaurine (also known as NAT) is an amino sulfonic acid that is taurine substituted by an acetyl group at the N atom. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a human blood serum metab... olite. It is a member of acetamides and an organosulfonic acid. It derives from a taurine. It is a conjugate acid of an acetyltaurine (1-). It is a highly water-soluble and hygroscopic compound formed by the acetylation of taurine. It is both an endogenous metabolite that is constitutively synthesized in the body and an exogenous metabolite formed by ethanol metabolism. NAT is formed by one or multiple N-acetylation reactions between taurine and ethanol metabolites (primarily acetate). The enzyme responsible for NAT synthesis is called NAT synthase, a cytosolic metalloenzyme located in the kidney and liver that can directly catalyze the esterification reaction between taurine and acetate, without the involvement of ATP and CoA. NAT is a potential biomarker of hyperacetatemia as well as ethanol consumption (PMID: 22228769). NAT is typically found in human urine with normal concentrations of 0.599-1.38 umol/mmol creatinine in alcohol-abstinent subjects. NAT can reach average levels of 8.38 umol/mmol creatinine (range 5.39-10.47 umol/mmol creatinine) in subjects consuming alcohol within 3 to 6 h after the start of drinking. Positive NAT results can be used as an indicator for recent alcohol consumption (PMID: 27520321). NAT is considered a direct alcohol biomarker that specifically represents the oxidative pathway of ethanol metabolism. Other direct alcohol biomarkers such as fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, and phosphatidylethanol reflect the non-oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. NAT is also elevated in urine after periods of endurance exercise. NAT was previously found in nature as a major component in the sticky droplet of orb spider web. Due to its high hygroscopicity, N-acetyltaurine appears to ensure the orb spider’s web flexibility. (CHEBI:84415)
Overview of age-variations
Age group comparisons
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
27374292 Age [25–35] (median=32), Gender ♀ (Japanese) 0.806467 (average level of metabolite) UHPLC-MS/MS Negative mode serum
27374292 Age [55–65] (median=60), Gender ♀ (Japanese) 1.080951 (average level of metabolite) UHPLC-MS/MS Negative mode serum
Linear regression
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
log2 ratio/log2(FC)
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
Summary
  • Synonym:
    2-(acetylamino)ethanesulfonic acid
  • Chemical Formula:
    C4H9NO4S
  • Systematic name:
    2-acetamidoethanesulfonic acid
  • SMILES:
    CC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O
  • InChI:
    InChI=1S/C4H9NO4S/c1-4(6)5-2-3-10(7,8)9/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)
  • InChI Key:
    CXJAAWRLVGAKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Related resources
Metabolite sources and localization
  • Metabolite location:
    Human organism, Body part, Human body biofluids, Biofluid tissues, Blood, Serum, Urine, Tissue, Excreta material, Feces
  • Metabolite source:
    Homo sapiens, endogenous metabolite
Age-variations
Age group comparisons
Method: UHPLC-MS/MS Negative mode
Sample: serum
PubMed PMID: 27374292
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