allantoin

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Name: allantoin
Description: Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a product of the oxidation of uric acid. It is also a pro... duct of purine metabolism in most mammals except for higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as in shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. (HMDB0000462)

Age group comparisons
PMID	Age/Age interval, Gender	Value (unit of measurement)	Method	Sample
18384253	Age 24.5 ± 3, Gender ⚥	0.64 (mean value of the compound area)	LC-MS; GC-MS	plasma
18384253	Age 40.8 ± 5.6, Gender ⚥	0.93 (mean value of the compound area)	LC-MS; GC-MS	plasma
18384253	Age 55.6 ± 3.7, Gender ⚥	1.15 (mean value of the compound area)	LC-MS; GC-MS	plasma

Linear regression
PMID	Age/Age interval, Gender	Value (unit of measurement)	Method	Sample

log2 ratio/log2(FC)
PMID	Age/Age interval, Gender	Value (unit of measurement)	Method	Sample

Synonym:

glyoxyldiureide; 5-ureidohydantoin
Chemical Formula:

C4H6N4O3
Exact Mass g/mol:

158.0440000
Systematic name:

(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea
SMILES:

C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N
InChI:

InChI=1S/C4H6N4O3/c5-3(10)6-1-2(9)8-4(11)7-1/h1H,(H3,5,6,10)(H2,7,8,9,11)
InChI Key:

POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS number:

97-59-6

Literature sources:
- Lawton KA et al., Analysis of the adult human plasma metabolome., Pharmacogenomics, 383-97, 2008
External links:

HMDB KEGG ChEBI PubChem METLIN

Metabolite location:

Human organism, Body part, Human body biofluids, Biofluid tissues, Blood, Plasma, Cerebrospinal fluid, Saliva, Urine, Tissue, Cellular (general class), Subcellular, Cytoplasm, Excreta material, Feces
Metabolite source:

Homo sapiens, exogenous metabolite

Age group comparisons

Method: LC-MS; GC-MS

Sample: plasma

PMID: 18384253