glutathione

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  • Name: glutathione
  • Description: A tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) present in most mammalian tissue. Glutathione acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger and a detoxifying a... gent. Glutathione is also important as a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, in the uptake of amino acids, and in the synthesis of leukotrienes. As a substrate for glutathione S-transferase, this agent reacts with a number of harmful chemical species, such as halides, epoxides and free radicals, to form harmless inactive products. In erythrocytes, these reactions prevent oxidative damage through the reduction of methemoglobin and peroxides. Glutathione is also involved in the formation and maintenance of disulfide bonds in proteins and in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes. Glutathione decresses with age in many tissues, for example in the brain where the is involved in Parkinson's disease and neuronal injury. (NCI Thesaurus:C523, PMID:15936251 )
Overview of age-variations
Age group comparisons
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
16551576 Age [18-29], Gender ⚥ 2.65 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [30-39], Gender ⚥ 2.72 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [40–49], Gender ⚥ 2.56 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [50–59], Gender ⚥ 2.46 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [60–69], Gender ⚥ 2.38 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [71–84], Gender ⚥ 2.37 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [8–49], Gender ♀ 2.52 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [50–84], Gender ♀ 2.22 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [18–49], Gender ♂ 2.75 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
16551576 Age [50–84], Gender ♂ 2.53 (nmol x 1^1) Schafer and Buettner method blood
Linear regression
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
23442131 Age [20-76], Gender ⚥ -0.9578 (β) kinetic assay blood
log2 ratio/log2(FC)
PMID Age/Age interval, Gender Value (unit of measurement) Method Sample
Summary
  • Synonym:
    L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine; reduced glutathione; N-(N-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine; glutathione-SH; GSH; gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine; 5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine
  • Chemical Formula:
    C10H17N3O6S
  • Systematic name:
    (2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-[(carboxymethyl)carbamoyl]-2-sulfanylethyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid;; N-(N-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine;(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-sulfanylpropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
  • SMILES:
    C(CC(=O)NC(CS)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)C(C(=O)O)N
  • InChI Key:
    RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
  • CAS number:
    70-18-8
Related resources
Pathway info P = product of S = substrate of
Metabolite sources and localization
  • Metabolite source:
    Homo sapiens, endogenous metabolite
Age-variations
Age group comparisons
Method: Schafer and Buettner method
Sample: blood
PubMed PMID: 16551576
Linear regression
Method: kinetic assay
Sample: blood
PubMed PMID: 23442131
β = -0.9578 (y = βx + α)
p-value < 0.05
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